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Blood Presure -- includes information on an exercise program.
Also see : Stretch For Strength, Fitness and Balance.
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Effects of High Blood Pressure

From: http://blood-pressure.emedtv.com/high-blood-pressure/effects-of-high-blood-pressure.html

The effects of high blood pressure (also known as hypertension) over time can include a heart attack, kidney failure, and congestive heart failure. The body structures most vulnerable to the effects of high blood pressure include the blood vessels, heart, brain, and kidneys. Fortunately, making certain lifestyle changes can help reduce the effects of high blood pressure on these vital organs.

Effects of High Blood Pressure: An Overview
High blood pressure is often referred to as “the silent killer.” Most people with high blood pressure (also known as hypertension) don’t have any high blood pressure symptoms, since the effects of high blood pressure are occurring inside the body.

The body structures that chronic high blood pressure affects most include: Blood vessels / Heart / Brain / Kidneys / Eyes.

Because of the effects of high blood pressure on these organs, a person who has had high blood pressure for a long time (known as chronic hypertension) can have: A heart attack / Kidney failure / Congestive heart failure (CHF) / Eye damage with loss of vision / Peripheral arterial disease, including bulges or outpouchings of the aorta (called aneurysms) / A stroke or “mini stroke” -- also known as a “TIA” (transient ischemic attack).

Effects of High Blood Pressure on Blood Vessels
The small blood vessels in the vital organs are commonly affected by high blood pressure over time. High blood pressure causes blood vessels to become scarred, hardened, and less elastic -- which means they are more likely to get blocked or rupture. This may happen naturally as you get older (whether or not your blood pressure is too high), but high blood pressure can speed up this process.

Another one of the effects of high blood pressure on your blood vessels is that it may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the process of the artery walls becoming thicker (also known as narrowing or “hardening”) due to a buildup of fat and cholesterol. High blood pressure adds strain to the blood vessel walls, putting them at higher risk for developing atherosclerosis than they would be otherwise.

Effects of High Blood Pressure on the Heart
If the inside of your blood vessels get smaller and harder -- and the pressure inside them increases -- your heart has to pump harder to get blood through them. Your heart is a muscle, and just like other muscles, working this hard makes your heart get bigger.

This is not a good thing for the heart. The heart can become stretched out, and some of the blood that is supposed to pump through your body remains inside the heart instead. Eventually, the heart begins to weaken because it simply cannot continue to pump so hard against the pressure in your vessels. When the heart can no longer pump all the blood out of its chambers, a person has what’s known as congestive heart failure. This is a serious condition. Fluid backing up into the lungs and chest cavity -- leading to extreme shortness of breath -- can be a symptom of congestive heart failure.

Effects of High Blood Pressure on the Brain

High blood pressure can also damage the brain. Blood vessels in the brain can rupture or get blocked, just like blood vessels elsewhere in the body. The difference is that if a blood vessel ruptures in the brain, the bleeding can cause serious problems, or even death. This bleeding is called a hemorrhage. If a blood vessel in the brain gets blocked, the brain tissues will be deprived of the nutrients and oxygen they usually get from the blood. This is known as a stroke. High blood pressure is a major cause of both strokes and bleeding in the brain. It can also affect normal brain function as a person ages.

Effects of High Blood Pressure on the Kidneys
The kidneys are also important organs that can be damaged by high blood pressure. If the arteries that supply blood to the kidneys are damaged, the kidneys’ tissues will not get the blood they need and the kidneys themselves can gradually lose their ability to function.

Effects of High Blood Pressure on the Eyes
High blood pressure can also cause changes in the retinas of your eyes. The retina is where the eye receives visual images. High blood pressure also puts the blood vessels in the eyes at risk for:
(a) Getting more narrow, (b) Rupturing and (c) Bleeding.

These effects of high blood pressure result in impaired vision and, over time, may lead to blindness.

Effects of High Blood Pressure: Summary
As you can see, blood vessels, the heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes are the structures in your body most affected by high blood pressure. That’s why a person who has had high blood pressure for many years is at a serious risk for heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure, even if he or she hasn’t had any hypertension symptoms along the way. In fact, when compared to people without high blood pressure, people with untreated high blood pressure are:

(A) Three times more likely to have heart disease
(B) Six times more likely to develop congestive heart failure
(C) Seven times more likely to have a stroke.

Fortunately, making certain lifestyle changes can help reduce the effects of high blood pressure on the heart and blood vessels. This helps control the bad effects high blood pressure can have on other organs as well.

end

Exercise and High Blood Pressure: An Overview
Being physically active is one of the most important steps you can take to prevent or control high blood pressure. It also helps reduce your risk of heart disease. It doesn’t take a lot of effort to become physically active. All you need is 30 minutes of moderate-level exercise on most days of the week. Examples of such activities include: Brisk walking / Bicycling / Raking leaves / Gardening.

You can even divide the 30 minutes into shorter periods of at least 10 minutes each.

If you already engage in 30 minutes of moderate-level exercise a day, you can get added benefits by doing more. Engage in a moderate-level exercise for a longer period each day or engage in a more vigorous activity.

Most people don’t need to see a doctor before they start a moderate-level exercise program. However, you should check first with your doctor if you:

  • Have heart trouble or have had a heart attack
  • Are over age 50 and are not used to moderate-level physical activity
  • Have a family history of heart disease at an early age
  • Have any other serious health problem.

Exercise and High Blood Pressure: Getting Started
Get started by doing 30 minutes of a moderate-level activity on most, and preferably all, days of the week.
Try brisk walking or bicycling. If you like, divide the 30 minutes into shorter periods of at least 10 minutes each. For instance: Use stairs instead of an elevator / Get off a bus one or two stops early / Park your car at the far end of the lot at work.

Types of Exercise and High Blood Pressure
The following paragraphs contain examples of moderate-level physical exercises that a person with high blood pressure can incorporate into his or her daily routine. They are divided into two groups: Common chores / Sporting activities.

Common Chores -- Many people don’t think of the common chores they do as “exercise,” but such physical activity can help lower blood pressure. The following chores involve moderate-level physical exercise:

  • Pushing a stroller 11⁄2 miles in 30 minutes
  • Raking leaves for 30 minutes
  • Washing and waxing a car for 45 to 60 minutes
  • Washing windows or floors for 45 to 60 minutes
  • Gardening for 30 to 45 minutes
  • Wheeling oneself in a wheelchair for 30 to 40 minutes
  • Shoveling snow for 15 minutes
  • Climbing stairs for 15 minutes.

Sporting Activities -- Exercise doesn’t need to be boring. In fact, you’re more likely to engage in moderate-level exercise if you find activities you enjoy. The following activities are examples of moderate-level exercise:

  • Playing basketball for 30 minutes
  • Dancing for 30 minutes
  • Playing volleyball for 45 to 60 minutes
  • Playing touch football for 45 minutes
  • Walking 2 miles in 30 minutes (1 mile in 15 minutes)
  • Performing water aerobics for 30 minutes
  • Swimming laps for 20 minutes
  • Playing basketball for 15 to 20 minutes
  • Jumping rope for 15 minutes
  • Running 11⁄2 miles in 15 minutes (1 mile in 10 minutes).

Exercise and High Blood Pressure: Common Effects
The average drop in blood pressure when a person begins regular physical exercise is about 4 mmHg for systolic blood pressure and 2.5 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure. However, the effects that exercise will have on a person’s blood pressure will vary. Some high blood pressure research studies have shown drops in systolic blood pressure of up to 30 mmHg and drops in diastolic blood pressure of up to 25 mmHg with regular aerobic exercise.

These drops in blood pressure with exercise were seen regardless of the person’s age, ethnicity, or weight. Furthermore, all frequencies, types, and intensities of aerobic exercise lowered blood pressure.

Exercise and High Blood Pressure: How to Stay Motivated With a Walking Plan
Here are some tips that other people have found helpful in order to stay motivated with their new exercise program:

  • Ask other people to walk with you. Find a partner or a group. When you know someone else is walking with you, it keeps you going.
  • Wear comfortable shoes and good socks to help cushion your feet.
  • Wear clothes that are right for the season. Try wearing layers of clothing in the cold weather to keep you warm, and cotton clothes in the summer to keep you cool.
  • Don’t forget to stretch before you walk. Try to start off slowly.
  • Drink plenty of water. It doesn’t have to be that fancy bottled stuff -- get your own container and keep it filled with plenty of tap water. Carry it with you if you can.
  • Walk in a safe place that has plenty of lights in the evening. Try walking around a local school’s parking lot or going to the mall.
  • Be safe -- pay attention to your surroundings.
  • Try to walk at least three times a week.
  • Try to think of your walk in three parts. Imagine a warm-up period at the beginning, challenge yourself with a brisk pace in the middle, and finally picture a cool-down. You can feel success when you finish each part.

Exercise and High Blood Pressure: Sample Walking Program
The following is an example of a sample walking program:

Warm Up / Activity / Cool Down / Total Time
WEEK 1
Session A / Walk slowly 5 min. / Walk briskly 5 min. / Walk slowly 5 min. / 15 min.
Session B / Repeat above pattern
Session C / Repeat above pattern
Continue with at least three walking sessions during each week of the program.


WEEK 2 -- Walk slowly 5 min. / Walk briskly 7 min. / Walk slowly 5 min. / 17 min.
WEEK 3 -- Walk slowly 5 min. / Walk briskly 9 min. / Walk slowly 5 min. / 19 min.
WEEK 4 -- Walk slowly 5 min. / Walk briskly 11 min. / Walk slowly 5 min. / 21 min.
WEEK 5 -- Walk slowly 5 min. / Walk briskly 13 min. / Walk slowly 5 min. / 23 min.
WEEK 6 -- Walk slowly 5 min. / Walk briskly 15 min. / Walk slowly 5 min. / 25 min.
WEEK 7 -- Walk slowly 5 min. / Walk briskly 18 min. / Walk slowly 5 min. / 28 min.
WEEK 8 -- Walk slowly 5 min. / Walk briskly 20 min. / Walk slowly 5 min. / 30 min.
WEEK 9 -- Walk slowly 5 min. / Walk briskly 23 min. / Walk slowly 5 min. / 33 min.
WEEK 10 -- Walk slowly 5 min. / Walk briskly 26 min. / Walk slowly 5 min. / 36 min.
WEEK 11 -- Walk slowly 5 min. / Walk briskly 28 min. / Walk slowly 5 min. / 38 min.
WEEK 12 AND BEYOND -- Walk slowly 5 min. / Walk briskly 30 min. / Walk slowly 5 min. / 40 min.


Exercise and High Blood Pressure: Summary
The benefits of exercise are well known. In fact, if exercise were available in a pill, it would be the most widely prescribed medicine because of all of its benefits. Among other things, exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of: Premature death / Developing diabetes / Developing and/or dying from heart disease / High blood pressure or developing high blood pressure.

Talk to your healthcare provider about exercise and high blood pressure after reading this article. Together, you can come up with an exercise plan that is best for you.